Types of TVs and their difference

The variety of modern TVs and their typical classification based on specific features is extensive. Hence, many buyers encounter challenges when it comes to purchasing new television equipment. This is due to the fact that TVs are complex devices that are intended to be long-term investments and therefore require a high level of dependability. When selecting such a device, one desires it to maintain relevance in terms of necessary functions and advanced technical specifications even after several years. In order to select the appropriate model with the right parameters and optimal functionality, it is crucial to comprehend the disparities between the various types of television sets.

Technologies for creating an image in a TV set

• kinescope
• projection;
• plasma;
• liquid crystal;
• thin OLED.

Nowadays, the initial three options are considered outdated and are rarely available for purchase, therefore, we will exclude them from our discussion.

LCD TVs

This is the most popular category among consumers. The way liquid crystal devices work is based on the polarization of the light beam. The light source in these devices is not plasma, but rather ordinary fluorescent lamps, or in the case of LED models, LEDs. These light up a white cloth screen that is reflective and placed behind a glass panel. On this screen, liquid crystals are applied, which form an image when subjected to an electric current.

Devices in this category are known for their energy efficiency and lightweight design, making them easy to mount on the wall with a bracket. Additionally, LCD equipment is repairable, making them practical devices.

The drawbacks of budget models may be attributed to the delay in dynamic frames and a limited viewing angle.

Among consumers, the most popular type of LCD TVs is LED. LEDs are used as the backlight for the screen. The advantages of LED screens include:

• a wide range of models and manufacturers to choose from;
• availability of solutions in various diagonal sizes;
• no visible flickering and no issues with ray focusing;
• no problems with image geometry and clarity;
• perfectly suitable for broadcasting both analog and modern digital television channels.

OLED TVs

The display technology is based on a matrix of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Unlike LCD technology, OLEDs do not require backlighting to display images, as they are self-emitting. This is the main difference between OLED and LED. Each individual pixel in OLED displays consists of multicolored semiconductors that act as independent light sources. One of the advantages of OLED technology is its ability to create ultra-thin screens, some measuring just a few millimeters thick, and even curved displays.

OLED displays have significantly improved upon their predecessors. They provide the highest level of image brightness, contrast, and color rendering. The viewing angles are virtually unlimited, rivaling plasma technology. In addition, OLED displays are much lighter, slimmer, and more energy efficient compared to plasma screens. When compared to LCD models, OLED technology excels in the smoothness of rendering dynamic scenes and the absence of constant backlighting.

Currently, the lifespan of OLED devices is relatively short, around 10,000 hours, compared to LCD devices, which are advertised to have a lifespan of about 60,000 hours. This is noteworthy considering that the cost of these devices remains relatively high for the average consumer.

It should be pointed out that Samsung is also promoting another kind of displays called QLED. This technology utilizes quantum dot-based LEDs which enables these TVs to reproduce colors that are the most true-to-life.

Backlighting options for LCD (LED) screens

The LCD matrix operates by displaying visual content with the help of backlighting. The crystals within the matrix are not visible to the user without the presence of backlighting. The quality of the image viewed by the user, including its brightness and color accuracy, depends on the quality of the backlighting.

One of the most widely used methods for backlighting LCD matrices is EDGE LED backlighting, which is positioned along the edges. Light emitted by LEDs is reflected by a diffuser and spreads evenly across the entire surface of the matrix. However, this type of backlighting struggles with displaying the color black, which is its main limitation.

There are also other technologies available for backlighting, such as Direct LED.

Carpet backlighting, also known as Direct LED, evenly lights up the entire area behind the matrix. Through electronic control, it allows for local dimming of the matrix by turning off a portion of the backlight, which in turn enhances the contrast.

Types of TV matrixes

The type of matrix on which a TV screen operates determines the quality of the picture displayed. Different matrices employ various physical principles in their functioning.

TN+film

This type of matrix is affordable and is utilized in budget-friendly equipment. Due to its subpar quality features, the matrix is incorporated into compact TV sets.

Identifying this particular crystal type is not challenging: televisions equipped with this technology offer a limited viewing angle.

A satisfactory image can only be observed when directly facing the screen. Altering the viewing angle results in a notable deterioration in picture quality: colors become distorted and contrast is diminished.

IPS

This matrix is highly favored by manufacturers like LG and Philips. It excels at reproducing images with exceptional color accuracy. The wide viewing angle is another notable advantage of this matrix. However, it does have a few drawbacks: slightly longer response time compared to other types and higher black levels.

You can also visually identify this type of matrix in stores. With its expansive viewing angle, black color may appear slightly purple, which is a characteristic trait of IPS.

The dissimilarity of TN and IPS matrices

VA

This particular matrix is utilized by Samsung and other leading manufacturers in the production of modern televisions. While it may not have quite the same level of color accuracy and halftone reproduction as IPS screens, it still offers a range of advantages over IPS. Specifically, it provides a better viewing angle, as well as superior brightness and contrast characteristics.

The VA matrix also possesses its own unique attributes that can be easily observed. When viewing a TV with this matrix from the side, the image contrast diminishes slightly. However, the overall color reproduction remains unaffected, and a slight lilac-gray haze may appear on black pixels.

VA and IPS matrices

UVA

The UVA matrix is a unique display technology developed and patented by Sharp. It features pixels that are illuminated evenly along the back wall, resulting in a screen that produces incredibly rich and deep black colors while avoiding any light leakage.

This type of matrix offers exceptional contrast and brightness, surpassing other matrix options. Additionally, UVA TVs are highly energy-efficient, consuming very little power.

When purchasing a TV, it is advisable to consider matrices such as IPS, VA, and UVA, as they offer the best combination of energy efficiency and quality performance.

Screen resolution

TVs are classified by specialists based on screen resolution, and they can be divided into three main groups:

For older CRT TVs, the only available option is standard definition television, also known as SD. Since most TV channels still broadcast in this format, models with resolutions of 720×576 pixels or 720×480 pixels are still relevant and widely used by many users.

With this television set, you have the capability to access premium channels in exceptional quality using a smart card. The smart card is provided by the service provider and can be connected directly to the TV set, via a CAM module, or through a TV set-top box.

The latest generation of televisions – LED, OLED, and plasma – are capable of displaying high and ultra-high definition content. The most common format is HDTV, which has a resolution ranging from 1280×720 pixels to 1920×1080 pixels. This format is available through digital television.

For select models of OLED devices, the highest available resolution at the moment is 4K (3840×2160 pixels); 8K (7680×4320 pixels) – also known as Ultra HD.

It is important to mention that the future of television is UHD TV. However, currently only a limited number of television channels are broadcasting in this format. Cable operators and satellite service providers are continuously expanding their selection of high-resolution channels.

Smart TV

The idea of "smart" has already permeated numerous sectors of technology. The integration of "smart" technology greatly enhances the fundamental features of television sets, rendering them effortlessly manageable and adaptable. Smart TVs go beyond simple broadcasting, transforming into entertainment hubs that accommodate various forms of media content, along with the integration of diverse applications and the ability to connect to the internet.

Samsung Smart TV

"Smart TVs are no longer a novelty. While they were initially only affordable for a select few, the availability of such devices is now widespread and accessible to a wide range of buyers in terms of price.

The expansion of functionality to the level of "smart" is made possible by the integration of a built-in computer with a specific operating system and the ability to connect to the World Wide Web. This allows users to go online, access applications, online cinemas, and other useful features.

Some of the most popular smart TV features include:

• Surfing the internet and accessing social networks;
• Streaming movies and shows online;
• Connecting to gaming applications.

Smart TVs are similar to other internet-enabled electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets. They provide users with the ability to access the internet for various purposes such as searching for information, communicating with others, and playing online games.

In order to experience all of these advantages, you have the option to access the internet through various web browsers, although it may not always be the most efficient or speedy method. To maximize your experience, it is recommended to register as a user on different platforms such as online cinemas or video hosting websites like YouTube.

When it comes to connecting to the internet, you have two options: using a cable connection or connecting through a wireless Wi-Fi network. While you can navigate this technological wonder with a remote control, it is suggested to connect a mouse or keyboard for better control and ease of use.

Curved TVs

This innovative design offers several advantages compared to traditional TVs:

• The screen area visible to the viewer is larger;
• Reduced impact of ambient light: no reflections, optical imperfections, or glare;
• Creates a more immersive experience;
• Improved viewing angle and contrast.

Such TVs have a stylish and unique appearance, creating a sense of being fully immersed in the on-screen content. However, optimal picture quality is only achieved when viewing from the center of the arc. Viewers sitting off to the side will experience a slightly angled view of the TV surface, resulting in a loss of brightness, contrast, and color in the picture.