Types and types of infrared heaters

Infrared heaters have a unique advantage over their counterparts due to their distinct heating principle. While traditional oil or convection devices warm up the surrounding air, infrared units directly heat the objects that their rays are focused on. So, what are the different types of infrared heaters and which type should you choose?

Unusual, but a fact

In the same manner as the Sun warms the Earth, infrared waves in the form of outgoing electromagnetic waves heat up the Earth. These waves fall within the infrared range of light, which is not visible to the human eye (more information about the functioning of the infrared radiation heater can be found in the article "Principle of Operation of Infrared Radiation Heaters"). The body benefits from the positive effects of infrared waves, as they induce a sense of relaxation and comfort. This type of thermal energy is also considered more natural since it is connected to sunlight.

The ability of infrared waves to infiltrate various objects and tissues to a depth of up to 4-5 cm and warm them internally depends on the power of the emitter.

Concerns have been raised by certain users regarding the safety of the devices, as they compare the energy emitted by these devices to the high-frequency microwave waves produced by a microwave oven. Nevertheless, tests and practical experience have unequivocally demonstrated the absolute safety and efficacy of infrared heaters. Moreover, with the advanced automation incorporated into these devices, they are even safer than other heating installations in emergency situations. The key is to adhere to the installation and usage guidelines prescribed by the manufacturer.

Technical characteristics

Infrared heaters come with a variety of technical features. Manufacturers strive to enhance both the emitter itself and the additional functionalities. These additional options primarily include advanced safety systems, such as automatic shut-off in case of emergencies or overloads, the ability to operate in conjunction with other devices, the option to connect to a thermostat or a "smart home" system for remote or fully autonomous control of the heater.

Certain models showcase an elegant design and a slim front panel, making them a seamless addition to any interior.

Installed infrared film heaters

Types

There is a wide range of infrared heaters available, including simple electric models as well as industrial gas ones. Let’s analyze each group individually.

Electric

Electric infrared devices are commonly utilized in residential settings due to their compact size, high production longevity, and ease of use. The various types of electric infrared heaters can be classified based on the heating element. These include:

1. Ceramic heaters. These units feature a heating element composed of a non-conductive current resistive cable enclosed within a ceramic panel, which effectively emits infrared waves. Ceramic heaters are typically designed as thin, foldable panels and come with a remote thermostat.
2. Carbon. An enclosed quartz tube is used as a heating element in the form of carbon nano-fibers. These heaters are not only more economical, but they also provide therapeutic benefits, making them a popular choice for therapeutic purposes. Although they may be more expensive than ceramic panels, user reviews suggest that they are worth the investment.
3. Film. The heating component of this type of heater is a flexible resistance cable that warms up the outer metal film. Film heaters can be easily installed on a prepared surface. These models are highly flexible, and their front surface can reach temperatures of up to 75 degrees.

Gas

Gas-powered models operate under the same principle as their electric counterparts, but instead of electricity, they utilize gas as their energy source.

Gas heaters are typically installed outdoors, in manufacturing facilities, or in stadiums during matches.

These units have a significantly higher heat capacity and can be quite large; some even reaching heights of 15-20 meters.

For outdoor events on a chilly open veranda, there are also gas infrared heaters in the form of umbrellas, which are more compact in size. They are perfect for those who want to stay warm while enjoying the fresh air. These heaters can be fueled by natural gas from different sources such as a gas pipe or a portable cylinder with liquefied gas.

Diesel, kerosene and other fuel sources

These exceptional IR heaters are not typically found in residential buildings or even urban areas; they are primarily utilized in the construction of large structures and in the wood drying process. Despite their comparable power to gas models, these heaters are more compact and can adapt to various environments.

Classification by wavelength

The wavelength is a crucial factor in determining the power of radiation and the visibility of light to the human eye for an infrared heater. The classification based on wavelength includes the following categories:

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<li>Short-wave infrared heaters: These are easily recognizable when turned on as they emit radiation within the visible light spectrum. The wavelength ranges between 0.74 and 2.5 microns, and the temperature of radiation can reach up to 900 degrees, making it significantly higher than other heater types. Although not commonly found in residential homes due to their high energy consumption and oxygen-burning nature, they are frequently used in manufacturing settings.</li>

Read also: Can infrared heaters serve as a replacement for traditional stationary heating systems in homes?

Advantages and disadvantages

Infrared heaters have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the advantages include:

1. The selection process is simplified because the calculation of heating is based on the room area rather than the power and installation location of the heater.
2. Compared to gas or oil heaters, IR heaters have a higher efficiency rating.
3. Users can save up to 80% on their monthly heating costs.
4. Instead of heating the air at one point, IR heaters heat objects directly.
5. Users have the ability to adjust the angle of radiation and power, or let the computer calculate the necessary power and temperature.
6. Heating starts instantly from the moment of operation, unlike oil heaters that require additional time to warm up the radiator.
7. The temperature of the working surface of IR units remains below 85-90 degrees, and they do not emit any harmful compounds into the air or create any drafts during operation.
8. IR heaters do not dry out the air, which is particularly beneficial for individuals who are sensitive to atmospheric conditions.
9. The device can be installed on the wall, under a suspended ceiling, or on the floor, effectively creating a "warm floor" system.

While IR heaters are generally considered superior, they are not without their flaws, especially in the case of older, less advanced models that are often marketed as cutting-edge devices of the latest generation. Some drawbacks worth noting include:

1. A powerful directional energy beam is a defining feature of the first generation of basic models. It appears that the modern eclectic grill system is a modified version of the older infrared heater.
2. The noise level is quite high. Electric or gas models always produce some noise, so it cannot be claimed that the infrared device is completely silent.
3. These devices tend to be large in size. The power of the heater is directly proportional to its size, and as a result, the device itself becomes larger. Some manufacturers have addressed this issue by concealing the heater within a slim, hinged panel, although there are also larger models available on the market.
4. There is a risk of damage. If the infrared heater tips over, all of its emitted energy will be concentrated at one point, posing a potential fire hazard.

Read also: 10 top infrared heaters.